Effect of Neurofeedback Training Along with Swimming Exercise on the Electroencephalographic Changes and Visual Image-Induced Craving in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients

Introduction: In this study, we investigated whether neurofeedback (NFB) training and swimming exercise would decrease the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes visual image-induced craving in methamphetamine (METH)-dependent patients. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial design. 32 METH-dependent patients were allocated randomly to four groups; control, NFB, Swim, NFB/Swim. The EEG recorded before after intervention all groups. Results: We found that NFB/Swim groups showed significantly lower absolute power for 4 frequency bands. Also, swim had less greater relative alpha delta bands, respectively. addition, group exhibited an increase delta/alpha ratio than control NFB significant reduction score swim, Conclusion: provides novel evidence along with during METH-abstinence effective normalization of METH-induced changes, which may help manage their cravings.